Meso-scale meteorological numerical model WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) and the Fitch Wake model are adopted to reveal the intension and patch range of TWE (turbine wake effect) in various atmospheric stability, as well as the impact of different turbine configuration on utilization efficiency of wind energy. Case studies are conducted over Poyang Lake region. The results are as followed. Horizontally, the patch range of a single wind turbine’s TWE can reach 4 to 10 km downward, with a reduction in wind speed ranging from −0.2 to −1.2 m/s under different atmospheric instability. The reduction in wind speed is more severe with more turbines on the stream track. Among the five cases with different turbine location configuration, the wind speed reducing effect in square case (intensively distributed) is much more apparent than others, while the wind speed in TWE patch tends to recover quickly in hollow diamond case (sparsely distributed). Compared with unstable atmospheric stratification, the TWE under stable atmospheric stratification has a longer patch range, because the turbulent exchange of momentum is intenser in unstable stratification than that in stable stratification. Vertically, the QKE (twice of turbulent kinetic energy) at the wind turbine spot peaks in the core. QKE increases to its maximum value of 19 m²/s² and then decreases to around zero. The maximum QKE appears at the level of about 90 m above ground level, while the vertical impact of TWE can be traced to a height of 1.1 km.

The correctness of the earthquake source spectra derived from array data with an iteratively stacking method is checked by analyzing the expressions of iterative stacking in each step. The expression of the finally derived source spectra term shows that it has nothing of the station term, but will be affected by the path term dependent on the source-receiver configuration, which is further confirmed by numerical simulations with iteratively stacking method. Considering stress drop might be wrongly estimated when stations or events are unevenly distributed, the paper provides a strategy to derive the correct stress drop in typical conditions of stationevent configurations. It will be helpful to correctly acquire seismic source information from seismic data.

Theoretical analysis quantitatively shows that high velocity anomaly near source, low velocity anomaly near receiver and the lateral velocity variation above the target inversion area have the influence of the same dimension of anomaly on the traditional inversion of 1-D wave velocity by triplicated wave arrival times. A quantitative computation scheme is proposed to remove the smearing effects with the help of regional or global tomography results when using 1-D inversion by triplicated wave arrival times. Tests imply that the velocity smearing could be eliminated to great extent and the real 1-D structure might be recovered.

Through analysis of shale petrology, TOC, major elements and physical mechanism, this paper studies on silicon genesis of upper Odorvision Wufeng Formation and lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Changning- Shuanghe profile of Sichuan Basin. The results indicate that up to 40%?62.7% SiO₂ in lower part of the profile is excess. They are characterized by high SiO₂, P₂O₅, Fe₂O₃ and low Al₂O₃, TiO₂, FeO, MgO content. Al/(Fe+Al+Mn) varies between 0.67?0.71, and Si/(Si+Al+Fe) between 0.89?0.93. In Al-Fe-Mn diagram, they are in biogenic area. TOC of Wufeng Formation is 2%?7.55%, average 3.73% and 0.23%?8.36%, average 1.16% for Longmaxi Formation. Segment of TOC > 2% mainly concentrated in the lower part, with thickness of 21 m. TOC and siliceous content have good positive correlation. Under the microscope, there are a lot of microfossils, such as radiolarians, sponge spicules, indicating the biogenic silica. Biogenic silica indicates sedimentary environment of deep shelf and is conducive to the formation of natural fractures and fracturing treatment, which is of great significance for shale gas exploration and development.

A sludge population optimization strategy aims to select the ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) by using sodium chloride (NaCl) as a selective inhibitor to nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) is applied in biological nitrogen removal process during municipal wastewater treatment using a sequencing batch reactor( SBR) . Different salinity tests contributed to the best inhibition salinity chosen were applied. In order to optimize nitrifying microbial communities to get steady nitrite pathway, 7.6g/ L salinity and 4 month salt inhibition period were applied. FISH analysis indicated that AOB ( Nitrosospira) became the dominant nitrifying bacteria and NOB ( Nitrobacter) had been washed out of the activated sludge. An understanding of salt inhibition mechanism on NOB is also discussed.

In order to study the similarities and differences between viscosity bulking and filamentous bulking further, nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics under these two conditions were investigated systematically by using sequencing batch reactors (SBR). The results show that when pH is from 7. 2 to 8. 0, and temperature is from 22℃ to 24℃, viscosity bulking has no effect n nitrification process through increasing DO concentration during aerobic period. Under viscosity sludge bulking, the anoxic micro-environment caused by adhered EPS is proned to stimulate simultaneous nitrification and denitrification ( SND) happen, and the SND ratio is larger by 47. 80% than that under filamentous sludge bulking. Furthermore, higher SND ratio leads to nitrite accumulation during nitrification process. Sludge settleability under viscosity bulking is worse than that under filamentous bulking, and so is the phosphorus removal performance. The specific PO^3-₄P releasing rate and uptakiug rate under viscosity bulking are lower by 17. 65% and 25. 00% than those under filamentous bulking, respectively.

Hohhot region is the high intensity earthquake zone due to the growth of a number of active faults. The ultra-low frequency electromagnetic detection method is used to study active faults in the region, through high-precision processing of detecting data and precise image interpretation. By usingthe above technology, the location, the displacement, the nature and the activity of the main three faults are clarified to serve for the urban planning, earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation in Hohhot. The difference between the maximum and minimum displacement of Dahei River fault is 110m, which are 60 mof Xiaohei River fault and 64 mof Xinhua Square fault. These data show that the Dahei River fault is the most active fault at the end of Neogene period.

A snowstorm event caused by explosive cyclone happened in Liaoning Province in March 3-5, 2007. The cyclone caused heavy snow, strong winds and low visibility, which had large influences onthetraffic, particularly on aviation. The authors analyze the process fromthe large-scale circulation, mobile path and intensity of the cyclone, moisture conditions, cold and warm air, etc. The results show that strong baroclinic wave is the main reason for the development of the explosive cyclone, and that high potential vorticity in the stratosphere promote the development, too. High-and low-level jets, divergence field, vertical movement constitute a strong secondary circulation. The snowstorm in Shenyang is closely related to the movement of cyclones path, water vapor transport and the degree of vertical movement.

An incidence coloring of graph G is a mapping from the incidence set I(G) to color set C such that any two neighborly incidences are assigned different colors The authors discussed incidence coloring of graph and proved graph G with mad(G)<3,Δ(G)=4 to admit a (6,2)-incidence coloring by the induction and the exchanging colors method from the aspect of configuration property

Deriving from the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) theory, a framework of sustainable development (SD) indicators describing urban fringe's urbanization process was brought forward. Sustainable Development Index (ISD) series for multi-years were used to measure the regional capability of sustainability. The socio-economic-environmental grand system was considered as a grey system and artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to calculate the ISD series. Then a case study of Huiji District, Zhengzhou City was adopted for ISD assessment from the year 1987 to 2004, and uncertainty analysis was also construed. The results showed that both the framework and the ISD with ANN were suitable in reflecting its SD levels. The method is recommendable for analogous problems.

The third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ⁽³⁾ of SnO₂/PVA composite thin film was measured by a femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect OKE at 810nm wavelength. The χ⁽³⁾ observed was 4.301×10^-14esu for SnO₂ nanoparticles which average diameter is 10nm and 1.728×10^-13esu for 2～3nm SnO₂ nanoparticles. Femtosecond time-resolved OKE measurements revealed that the response time of the optical nonlinearity in SnO₂/PVA thin film is extremely fast as short as 50fs.

An attention-based image recognition model is proposed. When analyze complex visual field or pattern, visual attention mechanism is used to detect saliency features in the image and drive the fixation point to scan the saliency features sequentially. During each fixation, the local pattern at the fixation point is memorized or matched. There are two parts in the memory of a complex pattern, the memory of local patterns that constitute the complex pattern and the memory of space relations between local patterns. Corresponding to memory process, the recognition process also contains two parts, the matching of local patterns and the matching of space relations between local patterns. An object is recognized only when there are enough numbers of local patterns is matched and the space relations between these local patterns are correct. This model is used in face detection in complex background. The results shows that the model can solves the problem of invariant recognition with respect to shift, rotation and scale, and the computing is fast and robust. This model likes human's vision system and is applicable.

Buckwheat pollen peptide (BPP-1) and its three analogues were synthesized using Merrifield solid phase method. The secondary structure of BPP-1 in solution was studied by FT-IR and CD spectra. It was considered that the conformation of the peptide was a random coil and β-sheet. In TFE, characteristic negative extrema near 222 and 206nm were observed in its CD spectra. It seems that the BPP-1 is in the form of a α-helix. The effect of these peptides on spleen lymphocytes from mice and on release of sIL-2R from human lymphocytes were studied. The results showed that these peptides exhibit certain immune activity.

The adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDBS), tetradecyl pyridinechloride (TPC) and Triton X-100 (TX-100) onto the alumina powders at various pH was studied. The ξ-potential of the particles and the stability of the suspension in water were determined. The main results are as follows. (1) At suitable pH, the adsorption isotherms are LS type for SDBS and TPC. At higher concentration of surfactants, association on the surface occurs to form a close-packed monolayer. The orientation of hydrophilic group to water phase was inferred from values of adsorption limit, surface area and molecular dimensions. The sign of ξ-potential of alumina powder was opposite to the original one in lower concentration of SDBS or TPC, and the values of ξ-potential increased with increasing concentration. The stability of suspension of alumina powders is a function of SDBS or TPC concentration and displays an V-shaped curve with increasing concentration at lower concentration. (2) At pH 6.9 and higher concentration, monolayer on the surface of alumina was formed by adsorption of TX-100. In the monolayer the hydrophilic EO group interact with the hydroxy of surface and the hydrophilic group is in water phase. Then the stability of the suspension of alumina powders is lower than that of the suspension at lower concentration of TX-100.

Along with the rare event that the Comet SL-9 impact Jupiter was confirmed by observations, the task of searching near-earth asteroids and relative comets is obtaining more and more attention. Therefore, first of all, in view of the radiation tendency of cool and dark celestial bodies and detection limit of telescope, we point out the potential advantage of radio astronomical method for the task. Then, on the basis of predicted technical index of the 65m multi-waveband radio telescope, we discuss the feasibility of using beam switching method to detect the radio radiation of near-earth asteroids which can be very weak down to about 1 mJy. Also through the analysis of relative data of united observations, we introduce the basic steps of determining the direction, distance,velocity and size of the asteroids. Finally, we discuss the probability of themethod as mentioned above to be used for other astronomical objects.

For determining the trace ¹⁴C in nuclear reactor coolingwater, two methods based on sorption of ¹⁴CO₂ in a solution and subsequent liquit scintillation (LS) counting of the ¹⁴C were developed. Initially, a water sample was acidified by H₂SO₄ and distilled in a distillator to produce ¹⁴CO₂ gas which was converted from CO^2-₃ anion in the water. In the first method of Ca¹⁴CO₃ formation, ¹⁴CO₂ gas was collected as Ca¹⁴CO₃ precipitate by NaOH and CaCl₂ solution, and then Ca¹⁴CO₃ was dispersed in a colloidal liquid scintillator (toluene : TritonX-100 : water = 2 : 1 : 1.5) for LS counting. The sorption yield was >90%. The detection limit of this sorption in Ca¹⁴CO₃-LS method was 3.3×10^-10g/L. In the method of sorption by organic alkali, ¹⁴CO₂ gas was absorbed by an ethanolamine cocktail(PPO 6g, POPOP 0.2g, ethanolamine 120mL, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 400mL, toluene 480mL) which can be directly counted in a LS counter. The sorption yield was also >90%, and the detection range of ¹⁴C concentration was wider, and the detection limit was improvedto 3.3×10^-11g/L, lower than the previous one order of magnitude. By taking the second method, cooling water samples from two nuclear reactors were assayed. ¹⁴C content of the samples taken from a reactor of the Chinese Institute of Nuclear. Energy was determined as 5.0×10^-11g/L. In the same samples 6 other trace radionuclides (⁵⁸Co, ⁴⁶Sc, ⁵⁴Mn, ^110mAg, ⁶⁰Co and ⁵¹Cr),ranging from 0.40 to 30.0 Bq/L in specific activity, were also detected by γ-ray spectrum measurement. Whereas, no radioactivity was detected in another reactor water sample.